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What Makes Skin Dry?
Aging & Hormonal Fluctuations
The natural skin barrier gets attenuated with age, which eventually hampers collagen production. This leads to making the skin dry and flaky, as the skin barrier strongly correlates with the firmness of the skin and sebum production. Besides this, hormonal imbalances such as PCOS, menopause, and slow cell turnover impact the skin’s natural texture and make it dry.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors such as cold weather, extreme climatic conditions, and dust pollution immensely attack the skin barrier, leading to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), making the skin dry and flaky.
Inadequate Hydration
Dehydration reduces the skin’s ability to retain moisture, leading to dullness and tightness. This eventually affects the skin's natural pH, also hindering the normal ventilation between dermis and epidermis, leaving the skin crumbled and breached.
Lifestyle Factors & Poor Diet
Poor diet, especially a diet lacking in Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, triggers dryness of the skin significantly. With this, an indulged lifestyle, such as unmeasured alcohol consumption, excess caffeine intake, makes the sky drier.
Specific Skin Concern
Specific skin diseases like Eczema, psoriasis, and certain thyroid disorders can cause excessive dryness. These concerns lead to measurable abnormalities that stir situations like inflammation as we as excess oil production simultaneously. As a result, the skin barrier gets seriously injured.
How Does Aging Accelerate Dry Skin?
- Dropped Sebum Production: The potential of sebaceous gland drops sharply with aging, which undermines natural oil production of the skin and becomes responsible for dryness and unwanted skin tightness.
- Decline in Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMFs): With aging, the percentage persistence of NMFs like hyaluronic acid, amino acid, and lactic acid declines, leading to dry skin.
- Reduction in Collagen & Elastin: Collagen and Elastin are two predominant proteins that keep the skin tone firm and resistant. The decline in production of these two results in increased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), making the skin dull, dry, and full of breaches.
- Weak Skin Barrier: The outermost layer of the skin is popularly known as the skin barrier. The skin barrier gets damaged due to multiple factors like aging, lifestyle habits, hormonal changes, etc. This directly affects the natural moisture retention capacities, leaving it dry and dessicated.
- Slow Cell Turnover: The natural cell turnover rate of the youthful skin is 28 days. However, in case it slows down, than expectation becomes responsible for dry skin.
- Environmental Intrusion: Environmental disruptions like dust, pollution, extreme heat, and direct UV rays exposure can potentially turn the skin dry and flaky.
Essential Nutrients to Nourish Dry Skin
Hydrating & Moisture-Retaining Compounds
- Hyaluronic Acid: Known for exceptional moisture-bearing capacities, i.e. 1000 times more than its weight, Sodium Hyaluronate in Hyaluronic Acid binds water molecules to the skin, keeping it plump and hydrated.
- Humectant-Loaded Ingredients: Citrus fruits like kakadu plum, berries, aloe vera, which have Polysaccharides in their structure, help soothe the skin with sufficient moisture while appeasing inflamed conditions.
- Vitamin B5: Vitamin B5 or Panthenol helps soothe irritated, dry skin and enhances moisture retention.
Skin Barrier Strengtheners & Lipids
- Ceramides: Ceramide, an important lipid– responsible for maintaining the skin barrier, helps restore the lipid barrier with holistic moisture retention in conjunction with three specific compounds: Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP.
- Fatty Acids: Omega 3 and Omega 6, i.e., Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid correspondingly, partake in replenishing the skin’s lipid barrier, preventing dryness with the help of certain compounds, i.e. Alpha-linolenic Acid (ALA) & Linoleic Acid (LA)
- Squalene: Hydrogenated Squalene, a stable compound of Squalene, mimics the skin’s natural oils, providing deep hydration.
- Phytosterols: Phytosterol, a plant-based cholesterol, works with ceramides to maintain the skin’s moisture balance.
Vitamins
- Vitamin A (Retinoids, Beta-Carotene): Vitamin A speeds up cell turnover through stimulating collagen production that reduces oxidative stresses, aging marks, thus helping in promoting healthier, hydrated skin.
- Vitamin C: An unavoidable compound for skin healing, Vitamin C fuels collagen stimulation while working as an active humectant agent at the same time. Thus helps in transforming a dull skin with a flawless glow.
- Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol (D3) & Ergocalciferol (D2) in Vitamin D helps regulate skin barrier function and immune response, resulting in a resistant skin barrier.
- Vitamin E: Tocopherol & Tocotrienols reduce oxidative stress that helps in preventing moisture loss, thus invigorating the skin barrier.
- Niacinamide / Vitamin B3: Vitamin B3 is an active compound that improves barrier function and reduces water lossthat thus, thus helping strengthen the skin barrier protection
Hydrating & Nutrient-Rich Foods
- Avocados: Rich in healthy fats and vitamin E for skin hydration.
- Salmon & Fatty Fish: High in omega-3s to nourish dry skin.
- Nuts & Seeds (Almonds, Walnuts, Chia, Flaxseeds): Provide essential fatty acids and antioxidants.
Cucumber & Watermelon: High water content helps maintain skin hydration.